An Analytical Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Various Cyanotoxins Using Stable Isotope-Labeled Surrogates and a Microbial Flora Analysis to Assign Each Cyanotoxin to its Source

Cyanotoxins produced by blue-green algae in lakes are among the most serious threats to water quality worldwide. As global warming rapidly extends locations and timing of blooms, a simple accessible method for detection quantification cyanotoxins fresh is increasingly necessary. Here, quick, simultaneous analytical five (cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, microcystin-RR, YR LR) reported. This has three advantages. First, it does not require complicated operations, such as concentration operation. Second, employs an HPLC column without high pressure. Third, use stable isotope-labeled surrogates enables correct identification precise cyanotoxins. The was applied Fukuoka Prefecture Japan, four above-named (i.e., all but cylindrospermopsin) were detected. limits 20–43 ng/L, which considerably lower than WHO guideline values. recovery levels 97–104%. Microbial flora analysis revealed that sources anatoxin-a Pseudanabaena limnetica Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, source microcystins group A1 Microcystis aeruginosa. study provides easy worldwide monitoring cyanotoxin levels.